The UK government has initiated a review of the roles of physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs) within the NHS in response to concerns regarding their responsibilities and the blurring of boundaries with doctors. Health Secretary Wes Streeting acknowledged the ‘toxic’ nature of the debate surrounding their use and emphasized the need for a clear framework. The review, led by Professor Gillian Leng, aims to address transparency, scope of practice, and patient safety, and will inform the government’s upcoming long-term NHS strategy.