With the fall of the Assad dictatorship, Syria enters a precarious new era. Interim Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir faces significant challenges, including a severe lack of foreign currency. Experts emphasize the need for coordinated international aid to prevent corruption and ensure equitable support for all Syrian groups. Observations from Damascus reveal ongoing interactions between former government officials and rebel leaders, indicating a complex path forward. The risk of exacerbating tensions among different populations highlights the importance of inclusive rebuilding efforts, as Iraq’s post-invasion struggles serve as a cautionary tale.