As the humanitarian situation in Gaza deteriorates after 13 months of conflict, the future of aid provision hangs in balance following an Israeli parliamentary ban on the UNRWA’s operations. While Israel does not consider itself an occupying power, experts argue it bears legal responsibility due to its control over Gaza’s borders and airspace. Alternatives proposed, such as increased collaboration with international NGOs, face skepticism regarding their capacity to fill the gap left by UNRWA’s departure. This uncertainty raises concerns about the potential for sustained instability in the region.