A controversial study by Saul Justin Newman from the University of Oxford claims that widely referenced data on extreme human aging, particularly in so-called ‘blue zones,’ is fundamentally flawed. His research challenges the credibility of methodologies used by demographers studying longevity in regions like Okinawa, Sardinia, and Nicoya. However, his findings have drawn skepticism from numerous experts who defend the integrity of existing demographic data. This ongoing debate raises questions about the true nature of longevity and the factors contributing to it.