In South Africa, illegal miners known as zama zamas, like Ndumiso, navigate deadly gang-controlled gold mines, driven by financial necessity. After losing his job in the formal mining sector, Ndumiso turned to hazardous underground work, earning significantly more despite the dangers. Amid governmental crackdowns on illegal mining, Ndumiso’s story highlights the complexities and risks of an industry rife with violence and organized crime, as well as the socio-economic challenges faced by many in South Africa.