Modern science has dramatically altered human longevity, with the global life expectancy projected to rise from 73.6 years in 2022 to 78.1 by 2050. This shift raises critical questions about how to maintain independence and health in old age. Atul Gawande, a noted American surgeon, explores these themes in his book, highlighting the challenges of aging and proposing a vision for dignified living. In Greece, families currently bear the brunt of elderly care, but societal dynamics are creating new vulnerabilities. Policy changes are urged to establish a National Aging Plan to improve senior care services.