The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 significantly cooled the planet and caused widespread disaster. Scientists warn that another catastrophic eruption is likely this century, posing risks in a densely populated and climate-changed world. Experts like Markus Stoffel from the University of Geneva predict ‘climatic chaos’ and emphasize the need for preparedness strategies. Current volcanic activity adds atmospheric gases that can further influence climate. Lessons from past eruptions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo, suggest significant temperature drops could occur, especially in today’s warmer climate.