Rebel groups in north-western Syria have initiated their largest offensive against the Syrian government in years, seizing significant territory including parts of Aleppo. This escalation follows a period of relative calm after earlier gains by President Bashar al-Assad’s government, which has been supported by Russia and Iran. The rebel offensive is seen as a response to perceived aggression from government forces and their allies. Amid international concerns, Assad has vowed to counter the rebels, while Iran and Russia have reaffirmed their support for the Syrian government.