In a significant ruling, Shell has successfully appealed against a previous court order mandating a 45% reduction in carbon emissions, deemed a major setback for environmental advocates including Friends of the Earth Netherlands. The appeals court acknowledged that while Shell has obligations to reduce emissions, it could not establish a specific reduction target due to lack of consensus in climate science. Friends of the Earth plans to escalate the matter to the Supreme Court, amid ongoing global climate talks, heightening concerns over corporate accountability in the fight against climate change.