The concept of the cosmic calendar, developed by American astronomer Carl Sagan, compresses the 13.8 billion-year history of the universe into a single year. Under this scale, significant events such as the Big Bang and the emergence of life occur…
Recent studies reveal that modern humans, or Homo sapiens, may owe their survival to interbreeding with Neanderthals. Research indicates that early human populations went extinct multiple times before successfully dispersing globally. The genetic analysis shows that only those who mixed…
Recent discoveries in Kenya reveal fossilized footprints from two different hominid species, Homo erectus and Paranthropus boisei, providing the first direct evidence of their coexistence 1.5 million years ago. An international research team analyzed the tracks, preserving details about the…
A recent study by Swiss paleoanthropologist Christoph Zollikofer suggests that the prolonged childhood of humans may not be primarily due to brain growth, as widely believed. Instead, findings from a 1.77 million-year-old fossil indicate that early human social structures enabled…
In their book ‘The Evolution of Violence’, historian Kai Michel, archaeologist Harald Meller, and primatologist Carel van Schaik explore humanity’s historical relationship with aggression and war. They argue that humans thrived for 2.5 million years without warfare, highlighting that it…
